Discovery paves way for new anti-malaria drugs

Sydney, Feb 15 (IANS) A protein which doubles up as a salt pump at the malaria parasite surface could pave the way for a new class of anti-malarial drugs, according to a new discovery.

Natalie Spillman from the Research School of Biology (RSB), Australian National University (ANU), said: "It was within a week or two of our identification of the pump protein that a paper came out reporting the discovery of the spiroindolone anti-malarials," Spillman said.

Spillman showed that spiroindolones block the parasite’s salt pump, causing the cell to fill rapidly with salt.

"We believe the spiroindolones kill the parasite by causing a salt overload," added Spillman, the journal Cell Host and Microbe reports.

Spillman linked up with members of the spiroindolone-development team in Singapore (Novartis Institutes for Tropical Diseases) and the US (Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation).

The spiroindolones are the first genuinely novel class of chemicals to be tested in malaria patients for over 20 years, according to an ANU statement.

The malaria parasite is a single-celled organism that invades the red blood cells of its human host, killing more than a million people each year.

It is becoming increasingly resistant to most of the anti-malarial drugs that are currently in use.

RSB director Kiaran Kirk, senior study author, said: "The malaria parasite’s salt pump would seem to be an Achilles heel for the parasite, particularly vulnerable to attack. Knowing this, we can now look for other drugs that block this pump."